Internal-combustion engine.



1. F. BRICE. INTERNAL colmzusnonV ENGINE.'

APPLICATION FILED 'AY 6, 1914.

l. F. BRICE.

INTERNAL comsuslol ENGINE.

APPLICATIUN FILED IAY 6, |914.

WITNESSES MATAR-AREE T 0 aZZ Awlw/a, it may concern i Be 1t vknoivn that I, J 011x FRANCIS BRICE,

ka citizen ot' the United States, and a resident of Bensalem, in the cou'ntLir ot' Bucks vand State of Pennsylvania,` have invented a new and Improved InternaLComhustion Engine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. The invention relates to internal combustion engines ot' the tivo-cycle type, in ivhich the explosive charge is compressed in the cranli'case and such, for instance, as is shown in the application for Letters vPatent ot'fthe United. States, Xo.; 782,657, tiled b v nie on August 2, 1913.

The object otl the present invention is tok In order to accomplish the desired result,`

use is made of a piston-having an extension slidingly engaging an extension ot the ctvlinder, inlet portsfnear one end of the working chamber, Vexhaust ports adapted to be uncovered by the piston near the other end ot the Working chamber at the time the chamber reaches its greatest extent.v transf fer ports `adapted to be in register ivith 1the inlet ports near the end of the Working stroke after the exhaustports are partly open, a transfer passage from the crank case to the transfer rports,A means for admitting an explosive charge to the crank'case during a part of the return stroke ot' the'piston, and air supply ports adapted to admit atmospheric airto the transfer ports near the end of the return stroke of the piston and afterfthe admission of the explosive charge `to the cran:y ease has already begun;

A practicalVV embodiment ofgth'e yinvention f is representedffin the accompanying drawings forming a part of this speeitication, in which similar characters of referenre. mthn cate correspondingfparts in all the news1? Figure l'is`r a central cross' section' otl the Y internal con'iliust-ion engine with the pistonffA '-fl" in uppermost position ;""F.ig. :2 is asiuilar vieiv of the saine with the piston in lou--J A ermost position; Fig. 3 is a like vieiv of the same with the piston in position immediateliv after it uncovers the admission ports Jona mmnclsinmcn, loF BENSALEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

`Ilan-21Rnai;coniasiuoiiiENGINE.L v

Speccaton of Letters Patent.

'an ignition device E of any approved coni F2 extending into the annular vexhaust vchain;

thus open to the crank case. 3

' `Ipoint tlm Y i lea i" Patented Ang-.10, 1 l

Application ined May 6, 1914'. serial No. 836,654.

and prior to opening the airisupply `ports.;Y Fig. l is a central cross'sectionof a n1odi-' fied form of the internalcombiistion enginev with the piston in uppermost position; l. ig; "56' 'is a similar vienv of thetsanieIiitlivthev piston in lowermost position and Fig. C

is a cross section of the sameivith the'pis-v ton in position'immediately'after it'iincoi-y ers the admission ports and prior Vto lopening thepair supply ports. i In the internal combustion engineshown in Figs. l, Q and 3, the cylinderA h'as its@y lower end A opening into the closedxcranlfY case B and the iipper'end 'A2' of the'said cylinder A is provided with ahead 'C lforming with the jivall of the upper end A2 of the cylinder A an exhaust chamber D hav-M ing an outlet D for conductingthe'prod-` ucts of combustion to av suitable place of discharge. The bottom of the-head carries" struction. p y

In the cylinder A reciprocates a pistn-F connected ov a pi'tman Gr iii-ith a crank on the main engine shaft 'I extending'-L through the crank case Thevpiston Fy is' H-shapedin section and"'consists ofa hori` zontal partition or abutment' F and an;V upper cylindrical portion `l"2A and va` iovverfgg cylindrical portion F 3, the upper 'portion'I ber D and being open at its upper end; vthe head C extending into thel said upper porf tion F2, tnus forming a Working chamber-901g FA1 in the upper portion-F2 of the `piston'f-lf`- The lou'er end of the loiverportion of the piston F is open "andi-opens* into the? lower portion A of the cvlinder AA and i Into the loiver end AHo the cylinder-'Ay operi a series of' annulariy-arranged ad-` mission ports @located afdista-nce from: thel bottoniy edge iii? the c vlindera dat. such@ 4hen the piston F Isin itsuppei# most 'il it-Lon, as shown in Fi f.-:1,"the sait rports fr are uncovered. The admission'portsI troni an annularehest J forinedinfl et" the-c vlinder A andconnectedhyfj` i 'witha' suitable sourcev 'of exp'losiv' 105 i plv. it heling-'understood"thatfthf e. lon ports (1,1 arelnorina-l closedV 1 n'ppe thai the - v ofthe pistonF is provided' with' aseries ofof ltofpass from the latter into" case -B to befcompr'es'sed therein during 'the nextdownward'movement of the The upper. endfof the-upper. portion F2 Y to connect 'the interiorofthe working cham.-

` of the piston' Eifs'provided exteriorly with'- 25 janfannular recess .o r depression ,LT adapted fis/presided t ,ranged ilet P0.

are-'- adaptedf 'to re ba Ff 'wihshe y time the f pistou meurthe @per "amiularly arfthe abutment-- iid'inlterrrts .0

transfer-"portail e 'moves intolow'ermos shown 'insnFig-`2 heft ln sfe'r d are arrangedfannularlyingth .cylinder wall and connect with transfer with the crank to connect theftransfer ports 'd with@A series 'of' air supply prtshe :at the time the piston *Y 'moves into' uppermost position ;(see' Fig. i) and after thea'dmission ports are already fao* partlyopen v(see Fig; 3).l The air supplyl ports e are arranged inthe wall 'of the cyl- -mder A immediately below the transfer rts l and-lead from an-'annular chamber The operation is as follows: When the v'en-j thenthe ports a are uncovered by the pis,

ton -F to allowan explosivmclh'arge to pass A into the lower end'IA' of the-cylinderA and into the crank case B, and 'after the ports a are uncovered the annular-recess L connects the fresh air supply ports e with the ltransfer ports cl to allow fresh atmos- `1 pheric air to pass by' wayof the said ports e,

recessL and transferports d into the trainsfer passages K. During-the following down i stroke ofthe piston F tl-1e vtraulsfer ports d and\ the air supply ports e are disconnected andthe admissionports a are closed so that.

the explosive charge inthe crank case B and:

the fresh air in the transfer passages K are compressed. When the piston F approaches 'itslowermos't position .the exhaust ports b connect the Workingv chamber F* w1th the exhaustv chamber D to allow-the products of 'combustion from a lprevious explosion to e'scape into thesaid exhaust chamber D and from thel latter by way of the outlet D"to a suitable place; of discharge. flhis outward movement of the productsof comblistionis assisted and carried'.tg'ffeompletion the subsequent registratipnfof the ports d and c,`

allowing the air compressed the transfer directly' above gelssagesK connected-'give'. im ulse to the gine is running andthe piston F nears its uppermost position, .as 'shown in Fig. 3,.

being followed in turn bythe new 'charge of explosive "-It' will Abe noticed-that this mrushin'g -eol'x'ipressed air 'tends tofscol'lr thev wor-lling chamber .Ffof the productsf combust1on\f rom the previofusexplosion and j this air also -preventsfthejfnow following new vcharge ifrom mixing with the outgoing 75;v

products ofcombustion. the following return or`\ upward strokeof vthe piston F, theports 0, A are disconnected and likewise 'passages K by .way ofthe' I and cinto theworkingchamber Ffgtliejair;

the interior ofth'e working chamber Fiso' Y' 'f 'that the elx'qilo'siv'e" 'chargev contained I in the Working chamber Fiscompressed the upward strokeof the piston F.Y Theex-v plosive charge lis retainedwithin the work-l "ing chamber F4 at thepiston F reaches an uppermostposition and then' the vcharge is igmted by the device Eto piston F- on the down t is understood. that when the piston F moves Vintoiupperm'ost position, the i admission ports a' are uncovered.' to allow recharging of the crank-case B withanother explosive charge,A and the transfer 'asse-geshair Y K are subsequently chargedwith byiwayof the ports e'and d and the depresi sion L. By this arrangementfa double purpose .is accomplished, namely, irst,'draw ing in to the crank case a' 'charge of the explosive mixture while thefpis'ton -i'sstill under' a forceful suction -action and irrefv speetive of the position ofthe throttle,v and; second, `admitting air into the upper end "of the transfer passage subsequent tothe bevginning'of. the "admission of the explosive charge into the crank case, vto vmake up for the deficiency in 'the `volume of thel explosive mixture supplied to the crank case and tollocate the atmospheric air inv the' uppery l. portion of. the transfer' passage :for the. air to pass into the workingfchamber'of 'the cylinder aheadfofzth'ev explosive 'mixture for scouring purposes on the next downward stroke of the piston. y a

'From theforegoing it will be-seen that no matter how little the Athrottle isopen the suction in the crank case begins to draw* in airinto the transfer passage and the amount lof air subsequently supplied makes '-up for the deficiency inv volumeofexplosive mixture supplied during the 'suction stroke off the piston, and the'new Vcharge-is always at the; same A transfer pressure at the time lof delivery into the workthe beginning of its ing chamber. I

By the 'arrangement describedv a very desirable flexibility is obtained whereby the engine can be throttled -to any desired degreewithout Iany progressive diminution in the amount of "explosive mixture ateach stroke, i

Et "isili seen that as the enginesspeed dinnnishes 1n response to partialciosmg of the throttle, the'length of 'each timeinterval',

Whereinlthesuctionactsonly to effect an' in'- take of explosive mixture before the air ad? 'mission oe-gms,l increases progressively, and

consequently the amount of explosive mixture admitted at each stroke increases progressively tilA the force exerted at each stroke is suihc'ientv to maintain a uniform engine ,speed and hencetheengine is not liable to come toa standstill.- Y

It isf furtherfunderstood that by the arrangement described atmospheric air is compressed 'andpassed unmixed jinto the worklng chamber forscouring purposes ahead of the charge of the'explosive mixture,y and in Y b a large exhaust area .is obtained to insure )the complete escape'of the'products of com-v bustion at Vthe time the pistonmoves into` It willA also be noticed that av higherspeed maybey obtained V`by providing inlet-and exhaust ports extendingv substantially around thel en-' lowermost position A(see Fig. 2).

tire circumferencefat opposite ends f4 of the workingl chamber, the paths' of incoming vand `outgoing gasesare shortened.andstraight-- enediand area of contactbetweenthe tivov is is greater than that inthe Working chamber F4, and this'diference in -volume is utilized to effect a completejscouringof the Working chamber Ff' of itsproducts, ofconbustion.

In the modified' form shown'f-in-Figs. 4%,"5

n andv 6; Athe lower end of the y'cylinder A4 opensv into the closed :crankcase B and the upper end o''thefisaid cylinderAi' is pro- 'vided Vwith a reduce-d cylindricral y extension A5, the lower kend 'of whichl extends slmrtl yl'm der of discharge.

" uncovered by; thef''l'jistfon VtoL allow f an i openla series of annularly arranged'admission ports a located adistance from thev kbottoniv edge of the Cylinder Atandat such i a point that when the piston F5 is in its' vuppermost position; as shownfinFig. 4,? the "said portsa are uncovered. y'The admission ports a." lead from an annular chest J2 formed in the Wall of the cylinder A4 and .connected by a pipe J3 with a suitable source of explosive charge supply, it being underkstoodthat the said admission ports a. are

normally closed by the piston F5 and are uncovered by the latter at the time the piston F5 approaches uppermost position, as shown in Fig. v6, so vthat the explosive charge can pass by 'Way of the admission ports a into the lower end of the cylinder A* to pass from'the latter-into the crank case B' to be compressed therein during .the next down-f Ward movement of th'e piston F5. The Wall of the cylinder-A1 is provided at the lower end of its Working chamber A7 with a. series of annularlyarranged exhaust ports b leading to an exhaust chamber D2 from which I extends an exhaust pipe D3 for carrying off Alowerend AGothe cylindrical extension A5 u1s provided with a series` of annularly arranged inletports c opening into the upper v 'endofthe Working chamber A7. The upper the products of combustion to a desired place The exhaust ports b vare endfo'fi-the lpiston extensionv F6 is provided :with av series of annularly arranged transfer ports d', and the upper end vof the cylinder reducedV It will further he noticed that the i diameter of lthe ja/orking chamber F 4 is less than the diameter .oithe'piston F and hence kthe fluidv displacemenfffin the'crank case B extension A5 is-provided with a series of annular-ly arranged air supply` ports e.

its extension F6 are in uppermost position,

as shown in Fig. 4, and the -saidtransfer` ports cl register with thein'let p orts c' at v the time the piston 'F5 and its extension F6 move into lou'ermost position7 as shown in Fig.` 5. By reference to Fig. 6 it Willbe noticed that when the piston and its ex-` tension F is on the upward stroke thevad# mission ports a' are uncovered bythe piston :F5 prior to the ports cl registering lWith the Thefvoperation vgulleis) 111i 1.1,

iogi charge i'y'passj intatte 16m-l @case Bf, and after the l'p'or'tsfifaiff"are une)v exhaust chamber D2 to allow'the products of '15 Dato a place of discharge.

of the piston F5. During., the following"''--A doWn stroke of the piston F5 and its-exe; tension 'F5 the transfer ports lf vand the air supply ports care disconnected and the admission ports a are closed so that theA explosive charge in the crank case B and" the fresh `air in the upperl portion of the piston extension F5 are compressed. When the pistonF5 and its extension F6 approach lowermost lposition then the exhaust ports -b connect the working chamber A7 with the combustion from a previous explosion to escape into the said exhaust chamber D? and 'from the latter by way of the exhaust pipe This outward movement of the products of combustion is assisted vand carried to completion by the subsequent registration of the ports el land c, allowing air compressed in the upper end of the piston extension F 6 to pass by way of the ports d and c into the working chamber 'A7, the air being'followed in turn by the v nected and likewise the exhaust ports b are closed so that the explosive charge contained the working. chamber A5 is compressed during the upward stroke of the piston F5 and its extension F 5. The explosiveeh'arge is'retained within the working chamber AI ,at the time the'piston F5 and its extension `F6 reach an uppermost position, and then the charge isignited by the igniting device E to give impulse to the piston F5 on the down stroke. -It is understoodl that when vvthe piston F5 and its extension F6 moves into uppermost position the admission ports iso a are uncovered to allow recharging of the lcrank ease B with another. explosive charge, and thelupper end of the extension F 5. is

ubsequently charged with fresh air by way gofthe ports d and e. l

The advantages of this .form of engine are "the same as above described in reference to the engine shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3,- so thatA further-description is notdeemed necessary.

It is .understood that in the construction disclosed in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the. hollow pistonv F5 and its extension F 5 form thev vtransfer passage for-conducting the n'ew explosive charge from thecrank ease B into the working chamber A".

Havingv thus described my invention I- elaim as newy and desire to secure by Letters Patent: f

1. In an internalcombustion engine of It will be, noticed During the following return two-cycle type, 'the combination of. a cylinder having an extension at -one end, a crank case connected withthe other end of the said cylinder, a .transfer passage con'- nectedwith the crank' ease', a pistonfijecipoeating in. the said cylinder and slidingly engaging the said cylinder extension,. a.

working chamber, means for admitting an f.

explosive charge tothe said crank caseat the time the piston nears the end of its return stroke, means for admitting -air to the transfer passage" after lthe said meansforAVV admitting the explosive el1arge-i's-openthe said air. admitting means and the said exjplosive charge admitting means remaining.

open-eoncurrently and closing injrevcrse. order, means'for admitting the said airin the transferpassage to the working 'cham i ber ahead of the explosive charge, andv means for exhausting theproduets of conibustion from the working. chamber ahead ofthe admission ofthe air.

alsv

'2. In an internal combustion engine of .the two-cycle type, the combination of ao cylinder having an extension, a' crank case, a working chamber, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder and having an;` extension slidable in' the cylinder.. extension, inlet ports 'near one end of the working cham# ber, exhaust'por'ts near the other end of the working chamber Aand adapted 'to be 'un-- covered when the saidV chamber approaches its greatest extent, transfer ports adapted4 to bein register with theinlet ports at' the time thevpiston nears the end ofits working stroke and after the exhaust ports' are already partly open, a transfer passagefrom l the crankcase to thesaid transfer ports, Y

means for admitting an explosive charge t0 the crank ease during the return stroke of the piston, and air supply ports adapted to admit atmospheric air to the transferlports 4after the means for admitting the explosive charge-to the crank case is already partly. open, the said air supply ,ports and the maining open 'concurrently an said explosive charge admitting- Vmea-11's re' .closing in reverse order.

3. In an internal combustio'ii'engiie of the-two-cycle i:yperthe combination of .,a

cylinder having an Aextensionat one end, a

'crank caseconnected with the other end lof l the saidc linda', va transfer passageeon-l f chamber i 'If reciprocating in theI-ideylinderangm enga t'hclsnid cylinder extension,- substantially annularly larranged .adnjriiss'ion ports for admitting an explosive charge to.v the crank ease and adapted-to be uncovered by the piston at the tiine"tlj1e...piston nears the end of the return 'strokey Substantially annularly arranged ,air supply ports forv admitting air to the"traiis'fer passage-land opened by the ysaid pstonigfth f the siid crankcase, a Working i an extension Qslidably i has uncovered the said admission ports, the latter and the said air supply ports remaining open concurrently and closing in re- ,verse order, substantially annularly ar-v ranged inlet ports'controlled by the Said piston for connecting the transfer passage With the Working chamb'er at the time the piston` nears Athe end of its Working stroke to allow the air to* pass into the Working chamber Aahead of the explosive charge, and v substantially annularly ar# ranged exhaust ports leading from the Working chamber and contixalled by the piston and opened ahead of the admissionof air to the Working chamber. f

. 4. In an internal combustionl engineof the tWocycle type, the combination of a cylinder provided at one end With an' eil--v tension closed by a rentrant cylinder head, a crank. ease connected wyith the other end of the said cylinder, a piston reciprocating in the said cylinder and provided at one endV with an extension slidably engaging the said cylinder extension, the said piston ,eXtension forming a Working chamber with the said cylinder liead and the said piston having an annular depression in its outer surface, substantially annularly arranged admission ports in the cylinder Wall and adapted to be uncovered by the 'piston the time th latter nears the end of its return stroke to admit an explosive charge to the crank case, symmetrically arranged transfer passages leading from the said crank case 7 and terminating in substantially nnularly arranged transfer ports in the cylinder Wall, substantially annularly arranged air supply ports in the cylinder Wall "and adapted to be connected by the said piston depression with the said'A transfer ports to admit air-to the transfer 'passage after the said admission ports for the eX- plosive charge are open, .substantially annularly arranged exhaust ports at' the outer .end of the said piston zextension and adapted to be opened at the time the 'piston nears the end of its power stroke, and substan- 

